Please study this mark scheme very carefully so that you know how to score well.
(a) Study Source A.
What can you learn from this source about the reaction of the Sri Lankan government to the tsunami disaster? Explain your answer, referring to details of the source. [5]
L1 Repeats details about the government’s actions from the source.
e.g. Source A mentions that the Sri Lankan government sent “large stocks of food and other essentials” to the affected areas. [1]
L2 Inferences about the government wanting to help/ trying to help
2m for an unsupported inference
3m for a supported inference
e.g. Source A tells me that the Sri Lankan government wanted to help the victims of the Tsunami as it mentioned that “large stocks of food and other essentials have already been sent out” to the north and east” i.e. areas affected by the tsunami.. [2-3]
L3 Unsupported valid inferences about the government’s reaction / nature of government’s help
e.g. Source A tells me that the Sri Lankan government was caring, sympathetic or generous / The government acted quickly and effectively.
[3]
L4 Supported valid inferences
e.g. (L3) + I can tell this because it says the government “allocated 70 million rupees” and “have already dispatched large stocks of rice and essentials to the north and east” i.e. areas affected by the tsunami. [4]
L5 Inferred purpose
e.g. (L4) + As the source is from the official website of the Sri Lankan government, most probably, the government is taking political advantage (purpose) of the situation to show the international audience/Tamils that it cares about the welfare of all its Tamil citizens even Tamil Tigers and their supporters who lived in the Tsunami affected areas in the north and east. [5]
Note from the Ess : Notice that to get the highest marks you need to have Purpose and content to explain the purpose.
(b) Study Source B.
Are you surprised by what this source says about the reaction of the Sri Lankan government to the tsunami disaster? Explain your answer. [7]
L1 Identifies content which is surprising / not surprising, but no reason given
e.g. Not surprised that the “government agencies and army were much slower to react in the Tamil areas.” It is understandable why the LTTE reacted faster and “lost no time in organizing relief and disposing of dead bodies in the areas” while the government were slower because these areas are “under the LTTE control,” hence they have access to the place.
OR
Unexplained provenance [1]
L2 Commonsense reasons given for surprised / not surprised
i.e. no use of contextual knowledge of the Sinhalese-Tamil conflict / other sources
e.g. Not surprised because the government is made up of Sinhalese. Hence it is logical that they will help their own people first. [2]
L3 Not surprised, provenance explains why source is critical
e.g. Not surprised, although the source is an independent organization, it is based in India. Hence it could be biased towards the Tamils and hence would be critical of the Sinhalese-majority government. [3]
L4 Surprised / not surprised, explained by cross-reference to other sources
4m for weak cross-references
5m if cross reference is done properly
e.g. Surprised, because it implied that the government does not care about the Tamils in the north as it mentioned that the “government has been insensitive to the tragedy suffered by the Tamils.” This assertion that the government does not care about the Tamils in the north is not true as it is opposed by Source A which mentioned that the government “allocated 70 million rupees” and “have already dispatched large stocks of rice and essentials to the north and east” i.e. areas affected by the tsunami, implying that the government is caring/sympathetic to Tamils living in tsunami affected areas.
OR
e.g. Not surprised, because it implied that the government treated the Sinhalese better than the Tamils as it mentioned that the “government has been insensitive to the tragedy suffered by the Tamils” and “concentrated their efforts on the Sinhalese-majority areas.” This assertion the government treated the Sinhalese better than the Tamils is true as it is supported by Source C which mentioned that the government “channeled vast sums of international aid to the south, which has a Sinhalese majority” and “the tsunami victims in the north are still suffering in welfare centres without adequate aid and other assistance.”.
[4-5]
L5 Not surprised, explained with reference to the Tamil-Sinhalese conflict
6m for undeveloped references to the conflict
7m when conflict is used in the development of the explanation
e.g. [L4] + Not surprised that the government “ignored the LTTE’s request for heavy equipment to repair damaged roads” because the LTTE are against the Sri Lankan government. They have caused a lot of trouble to the government. They went back on their words by not putting down their arms and make the peace agreement impossible. Hence it is logical that the government ignored the LTTE’s request as the LTTE may make use of the situation to further their cause. [6-7]
Note from the Ess : Notice to get the highest marks you need to have cross reference +contextual knowledge.
(c) Study Source C.
Why do you think the Tamil Tiger commander made this speech? Explain your answer. [6]
L1 Reasons based on content – what he thinks or feels / what was happening or the situation
1m for 1 reason
2m for 2 reasons
e.g. He feels that the government is unfair, “channelling vast sums of international aid to the south, which has a Sinhalese majority” and ignoring “the tsunami victims in the north [who are Tamils] and suffering in welfare centres without adequate aid and other assistance.”.
[1-2]
L2 Reasons based on content – messages / what he wanted to say
i.e. These answers are based solely on the content of Source C
2m for 1 reason
3m for 2 reasons
e.g. He made the speech to highlight (purpose word) to the international audience that the government is biased towards the Sinhalese and uncaring towards the Tamils as he said that “the government “channeled vast sums of international aid to the south, which has a Sinhalese majority” and “the tsunami victims in the north are still suffering in welfare centres without adequate aid and other assistance.”. [2-3]
L3 Reasons based on context: because of the Tamil-Sinhalese conflict / the conference / the status of the Tigers
i.e. awareness of context beyond what is mentioned in Source C
OR
Reasons based on purpose: impact on audience – what he wanted the audience to do (sic)
e.g. He made the speech to convince the international audience (audience) about the discriminating actions of the government towards the Tamils i.e. the government is biased towards the Sinhalese and uncaring towards the Tamils as he said that “the government “channeled vast sums of international aid to the south, which has a Sinhalese majority” so that they would put pressure on the government to channel the aid they have given to develop the north. (outcome)[4]
L4 L2 + L3 [5-6]
Note from the Ess : Notice to get the highest level you need to have Purpose, Audience and Outcome(PAO) which is what we have been stressing all this time in our lesson.
(d) Study Sources D and E.
Does Source E prove that what the UN claimed in Source D was true? Explain your answer. [7]
L1 Assertion rejecting what Source E shows / what Source D says
e.g. No. Source D said that the UN claimed that “the Tamil Tiger rebels have been recruiting child soldiers from relief camps”, but Source E does not show that this is happening [1]
L2 Assertion based on provenance of Source D / Source E
Based on provenance of Source D
e.g. Yes, because it is from the BBC News website. If they report something that is not true, UN may sue them.
OR
Based on provenance of Source E
e.g. Yes, because it is from an article published by the Human Rights Watch, the largest human rights organization based in the US. [2]
L3 No, because the picture does not show a Tamil. The child looked more like a Vietnamese! [3]
L4 Yes. Uncritical acceptance of proof based on comparison of Source D and E
4m for weak comparison
5m if comparison is good
e.g. Yes, both sources agree that the Tamil Tigers are recruiting child soldiers. Source D mentioned that the UN claimed that “the Tamil Tiger rebels have been recruiting child soldiers from relief camps.” Similarly, the Human Rights Watch’s article also mentioned that “Tamil Tigers recruit child soldiers.”
[4-5]
L5 No, because Tigers deny it in Source D
e.g. No. Source D mentioned that the UN claimed that “the Tamil Tiger rebels have been recruiting child soldiers from relief camps”, but the BBC news reported that the “Tamil Tigers have denied any involvement in the recruitment incidents.” [6]
L6 No, because Source E predates the tsunami
e.g. No. Although the Human Rights Watch’s article mentioned that “Tamil Tigers recruit child soldiers,” the article was dated 11 Nov 2004 while Source D is from the BBC News website and the article is dated 13 Jan 2005. As Source E predates the tsunami, it is not believable and hence cannot be used to prove that the UN claimed that “the Tamil Tiger rebels have been recruiting child soldiers from relief camps.”
OR
Yes/No based on evaluation of provenance
e.g. Yes, because it is from an article published by the Human Rights Watch, the largest human rights organization based in the US. Since their mission is to protect the rights of people, they will definitely publish the article to highlight to the international audience (maybe to the overseas Tamils) that the Tamil Tigers are exploiting children so that the overseas Tamils would not support the Tamil Tigers.
OR
No but likely because it suggests increased probability of such incident
e.g. No, because the Human Rights Watch’s article mentioned that “Tamil Tigers recruit child soldiers,” was dated 11 Nov 2004 while Source D is from the BBC News website and the article is dated 13 Jan 2005. As Source E predates the tsunami, it cannot be used to prove that the UN claimed that “the Tamil Tiger rebels have been recruiting child soldiers from relief camps after the tsunami.” But it is very likely (highly probable) that the Tamil Tigers would continue to recruit the child soldiers in the relief camp after the tsunami. [7]
Note from the Ess: Notice that you have to be very observant when you analysis the source. You are expected to get information form the background, see the date to make judegement to see if it is reliable or not.
Study the Background Information and the sources carefully, and then answer all the questions.
You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions,in addition to those sources you are told to use. In answering the questions you should use your knowledge of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the sources.
Issue : How far did the Sinhalese-Tamil conflict impact on the efforts to help victims of the December 2004 tsunami?
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Read this carefully. It may help you answer some of the question.
On 26th December 2004 a huge tsunami(tidal wave) struck many nations around the Indian Ocean. One of the nations worst affected was Sri Lanka,with tens of thousands of people killed or made homeless. The north and east coasts were in the direct path of the tsunami. This area had a population that was mainly Tamil, and much of it was controlled by the LTTE (Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam or the Tamil Tigers). Other areas of Sri Lanka were badly hit too. Study the following sources to find out how far the Sinhalese-Tamil conflict impacted on the efforts to help the victims of the December 2004 tsunami.
Source A: From the official website of the Sri Lanka government, 28 December 2004.
Government agents in the north and east have been instructed to assess the damage and estimate the immediate requirements of the people displaced by the tidal waves. Districts in the north and the east have been allocated the sum of 70 million rupees(about 2.5 million Singapore dollars)for immediate relief efforts. Agents can spend this money according to the needs of the people affected by the disaster. Large stocks of food and other essentials have already been sent out, while total requirements of rice will be purchased locally. Requests from the Tamil Tigers for assistance are being met by the government. University students, Sri Lanka military and police personal are donating blood for victims in the north.
Sources B: From a report published on 10 January 2005 by the South Asia Analysis Group an independent organisation based in India.
After the disaster, the LTTE lost no time in organising relief and disposing of dead bodies in the areas under its control.Government agencies and the army were much slower to react in the Tamil areas. Instead, they concentrated their efforts on the Sinhalese-majority areas. Pro-LTTE sources have claimed that the Government has been insensitive to the tragedy suffered by the Tamils, and has tried to take political advantage of it. This could be seen when the government took over the running of relief camps set up by pro-LTTE organisations in Tamil areas controlled by the government.
Source C: From a speech by a Tamil Tiger commander at a conference held in Jaffna on 20 January 2005 to discuss tsunami relief,a s reported by a pro-Tamil website. The conference was chaired by the Jaffna District Government Agent and attended by the United Nations representatives as well as heads of local government departments.
Two-thirds of the loss of lives and property caused by the tsunami has been in Tamil areas in the north east. But the Sri Lanka government is channelling vast sums of international aid to the south,which has a Sinhaleses majority. Big housing schemes and other projects are being launched in the south, but the tsunami victims in the north are still suffering in welfare centres without adequate aid and other assistance.
Source D: From the BBC News website,13 January 2005.
The United Nations (UN) says that Tamil Tiger rebels have been recruiting child soldiers from the relief camps set up after the December's tsunami. 'In the aftermath of the tsunami, you would have hoped recruitment would have stopped,' a UN spokesman told the BBC. The Tamil Tigers have denied any involvement in the incidents. The spokesman said that having to keep a check on child recruitment was taking away resources that the UN could be using to help children affected by the tsunami.
Source E : A photograph from an article entitled 'Tamil Tigers recruit child soldiers',published on teh website of Human Right Watch, teh largest human rights organisation based in the USA,11 Nov 2004.
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